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Table of Content

If you are Beginner than you don’t need to memorize every arabic terms, Initially just use use the english terms to refer to them like fragments,Pronouns,attached Pronouns instead of getting overwhelmed by the arabic terms focus on understanding grammar(nahw and sarf) concepts and as you progress into learning more advance concepts you can will eventually start using arabic terms without much efforts Inshallah.

These terms are specially useful when reading I’raab books in Arabic,Urdu and using the Dictionary, for tafsir.app under علوم reading I’raab books for understanding Quran Ayah

Nahw Terminologies

اِسْمٌ Ism : Name of person , place , thing , idea, adjective, adverb and more

فِعْلٌ Fi’l: Word that is Stuck in time

حَرْفٌ Harf: Word That Doesn’t make sense unless a اسم or فعل comes with it.

الإعراب I’rab: Status

ضَمِيْر : Pronouns

الضَّمَائِرُ المُتَّصِلَةُ : Attached Pronouns

المُعْرَب غَيْرُ المُنَوَّن : Light Isms, المُعْرَب المُنَوَّن : Heavy Isms

الإعْرَاب : Flexibility

المُعْرَب (al-muʿrab) – A word that shows changes in its endings to reflect case (fully flexible) - Rafa,Nasab,Jarr .

مَمْنُوع مِنَ الصَّرْف (mamnūʿ min aṣ-ṣarf) – Partially flexible: These Isms only change between two status (nasb and Jarr status look same).

المبني (al-mabnī) – A noun or verb that does not change its ending at all (non-flexible) - In all the status Rafa,Nasab,jarr they look same.

الجنس Gender

العدد Number

In plural there are different types :

  1. Sound Masculine Plural - جمع المُذَكَّرُ السالِمُ

  2. Sound Feminine Plural - جمع المُؤَنَّثُ السالِمُ

  3. Broken Plural - جمع تَكْسِيْرً

  4. Plural by Meaning - اسْمُ جَمْعٍ

القسم Type

الموصف والصفة - Fragment - الموصف is ordinary Ism and الصفة is descriptive word (an adjective) that follows it. In Arabic adjective comes after Ism

اسم الإشارة والمشار إليه - Fragment Pointer and its Ism

الإضافة : Fragment Mudhaf-Mudhaf Ilay

حروف العطف : connector word like و

الفِعْلُ المَضِي : Past tense Fi’l

الفاعل : Doer of Fi’l in Jumla Filiyyah

مفعول : Detail in Jumla Filiyyah

الفِعْلُ المُضَارِع : Present/Future Tense Fi’l

الفِعْلُ المُضَارِع can take three forms. They are :

  1. Normal ( مرفوع )
  2. Light ( منصزب )
  3. Lightest ( مجزوم ) : when affected by الحروف الجازمة للمضارع

Jumla Ismiyyah :

مُبْتَدأ : Part before “is” in - could be single Ism or Ism+Ism fragment or HoN & its Ism ( it is مرفوع by default )

خَبَر : Part after “is” - single Ism or Ism+Ism Fragment (it is مرفوع by default )

مُتَعَلّق بِالخبر : Part after “is” - special مضاف fragment or جار ومجرور

In Abnormal Sentence Structure Jumla Ismiyyah (For Rhetorical Purpose) :

1 . مُتَعلِّق بِالخَبر comes before مبتدأ = Producing a meaning of exclusivity اِخْتِصاص

2 . when the مبتدأ remains in its place and the خبر and مُتَعلِّق بِالخَبر switch places, It can produce meaning of التَّوكِيد or الاهْتِمَام

التَّوكِيد : Emphasis

الاهْتِمَام : Giving importance or showing interest

جملة فعليّة Jumla Fi’liyyah :

الضَّمِيْرُ المُسْتَتِرُ : Inside فَاعِل Fai’l - built in pronoun that every فعل contains

مفعول : Detail that pretains to the action

المفعول به : tells “who” or “what” was action done to.

المفعول فيه : tells “when” or “where” the action took place. Often appears as special Mudhaf of time or place. It can also appear as an ISM that denotes time but is not Mudhaf.

المفعول له : tells “Why” the action took place. Most Often it is مصدر Masdar

المفعول المطلق : has three main functions :

  • To emphasize the action ( when it is single word )
  • To describe the action (when it has صفة)
  • To indicate number of times an action happened ( when it has a number ) it appear as مصدر that shares same root letter as فعل

eg of المفعول المطلق : see here تَكْلِيمًۭا

وَرُسُلًۭا قَدْ قَصَصْنَـٰهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًۭا لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ۚ وَكَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًۭا

الحال : tells “How” the action took place. It describes the state of doer or the action. eg : Then he left it fearfully.

مُتَعَلّق بالفعل : within جملة فعليّة , a جار ومجرور is labeled as a مُتَعَلّق بالفعل . literally مُتَعَلّق بالفعل means “related to” or “associated with”.

Sarf صرف Terminologies

صرف : Study of word patterns and how meaning can be derived based on these patterns

الباب : Family (container) - Sarf

الجِزْر : Root Letters

مُشْتَقّ : Words that you can do sarf of

جَامِد : words you cannot do sarf of

Most Arabic words are مُشْتَقّ

المُجَرَّد families : their container (in the هو version of the past-tense) has no extra letters

المَزِيْد فِيْه families : container always consists of extra letters

الصيغة Family Members - Sarf

الفِعْلُ المَضِي : Past tense Fi’l

الفِعْلُ المُضَارِع : Present tense Fi’l

الفِعْلُ المَضِي المَبْنِيُّ لِلمَجْهُول : Past Passive Fi’l

الفِعْلُ المُضَارِع المَبْنِيُّ لِلمَجْهُول : Present Passive Fi’l

فعل الأمْرِ : The commanding فِعْل

فعل النَّهْيِ : The Forbidding فعل

المَصْدَر : The Idea

اِسْمُ فاعِلٍ : The one carrying out an action, eg : مُعَلِّمٌ (teacher/the one who teaches)

اسمُ مفعولٍ : The one thing affected by the action, eg مُعَلَّمٌ (one who is taught )

اسمُ ظَرْفٍ : Time/Place in which the action takes place, eg مُعَلَّمٌ (a time/place of teaching)

Irregularities in Sarf :

مهموز : when one of root letter is Hamza

مثال : When first root letter is a vowel ( و or ي )

مضاعف : when second and third root letters are same

I’ll Add more terms soon Inshallah